![]() ![]() Natural reef cover is sparse or diminishing in many locations, including the Middle East, Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. ![]() The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: Funding for this research was provided by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Artificial Reef Program to RJK and the Coastal Conservation Association Texas to RJK. Received: Accepted: AugPublished: September 30, 2015Ĭopyright: © 2015 Froehlich, Kline. Layman, North Carolina State University, UNITED STATES ![]() Our findings suggest that reefs should be deployed with intermediate patch density of 71–120 culverts in a 30-m radius to yield the highest fish abundances.Ĭitation: Froehlich CYM, Kline RJ (2015) Using Fish Population Metrics to Compare the Effects of Artificial Reef Density. campechanus were greatest at the lower density. campechanus did not differ among density categories, mean total lengths of L. Fish communities did not significantly differ among density categories however, highest species richness and total abundances were observed at intermediate culvert densities and at natural reefs. Abundances of adults and species evenness of juvenile populations differed between the years. The study spanned from May to June in 20, and sites sampled included natural reefs, bare areas, and varying culvert patch density categories, ranging from 1–190 culverts. In the present study, the effects of reef density were assessed for fish communities and sizes of economically valuable Lutjanus campechanus 13 km off Port Mansfield, Texas, at a reef composed of more than 4000 concrete culverts. Artificial reefs continue to be added as habitat throughout the world, yet questions remain about how reef design affects fish diversity and abundance. ![]()
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